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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Baiada Poultry Pty Limited provided support in the form of salary for authors MS and SA.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting information files.įunding: This study was partially funded by AgriFutures Australia (grant number PRJ-010639) and by PoultryHub Australia (grant number 18-424) for authors SWB and PFG.

Received: OctoAccepted: JanuPublished: April 16, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Assen et al. PLoS ONE 16(4):Įditor: Grzegorz Woźniakowski, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, POLAND In conclusion, dust samples collected from any location within poultry house show promise for monitoring IBV and NDV GC in meat chickens at a population level and choanal cleft swabs can be used for detection of IBV and NDV GC instead of tracheal swabs in individual birds.Ĭitation: Assen AM, Walkden-Brown SW, Stillman M, Alfirevich S, Gerber PF (2021) Comparison of tracheal and choanal cleft swabs and poultry dust samples for detection of Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus genome in vaccinated meat chicken flocks. There was no difference in IBV and NDV GC in dust samples collected from different locations within a poultry house. There was no significant association for IBV GC in swabs and dust samples (R 2 = 0.15, P = 0.13) but NDV detection rates and viral load in swabs were strongly associated with NDV GC in dust samples (R 2 = 0.86 and R 2 = 0.90, P<0.001). Detection rates for choanal cleft and tracheal swabs were comparable, with moderate and fair agreement between sample types for IBV (McNemar’s = 0.27, kappa = 0.44) and NDV (McNemar’s = 0.09 kappa = 0.31) GC respectively.

IBV and NDV GC were detected in all sample types throughout the study period. Dust samples and tracheal and choanal cleft swabs were collected from four meat chicken flocks at 10, 14, 21 and 31 days post vaccination (dpv) and tested for IBV and NDV genome copies (GC) by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. This study assessed different methods (tracheal and choanal cleft swabs from individual birds, and poultry dust as a population level measure) to evaluate the shedding kinetics of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genome in meat chicken flocks after spray vaccination at hatchery.